This article examines first the locus of the western physical culture from the perspective that both phyisical education and sports are products of modern societies. After clarifying the rupture between traditional and modern physical cultures in the West I explains what the similarities and differences between Chinese and western civilizations with reference to their physical cultures. Then I describe the development of physical education and sports that represents respectively a tradition of state and civil society as well as their conjunction in the compulsory education. Finally, I trace the processes that China and Japan learned and imitated western phyiscial education as well as sports to explain the contempory physical culture in Taiwan as hybridization between physical education, sports and the indigeneous tradition ”yangsheng” (the cultivation/nourishment of life).
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