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Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2020 Feb 25; 22(2): 124–129.
PMCID: PMC7390006

Language: Chinese | English

维生素D辅助治疗儿童肺炎疗效的Meta分析

Efficacy and safety of vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for childhood pneumonia: a Meta analysis

穆 世茵

天津市儿童医院呼吸二科, 天津 300074, Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China

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邹 映雪

天津市儿童医院呼吸二科, 天津 300074, Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China

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翟 嘉

天津市儿童医院呼吸二科, 天津 300074, Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China

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姚 国华

天津市儿童医院呼吸二科, 天津 300074, Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China 天津市儿童医院呼吸二科, 天津 300074, Department of Pneumology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China

(治疗组/对照组, 例) 年龄VD用量结局指标注:结局指标中,①:疾病恢复时间;②:住院时间;③:症状体征消退时间;④:疾病复发率;⑤:不良反应率;⑥:病死率。Manaseki-Holland 2010 [ 6 ] 224/2291~36个月总用量100 000 IU,口服 Choudhary 2012 [ 7 ] 100/1002个月至5岁每日1次,用药5 d,口服 < 1岁:1 000 IU/d;≥1岁:2 000 IU/d ①②③⑤⑥ Gupta 2016 [ 8 ] 162/1626个月至5岁总用量100 000 IU,口服 ①②③④⑤⑥ Rahmati 2016 [ 9 ] 50/502~72个月50 000 IU/d,用药2 d,口服 Rajshekhar 2016 [ 10 ] 48/482个月至5岁每日1次,用药至出院,口服 < 1岁:1 000 IU/d;≥1岁:2 000 IU/d Somnath 2017 [ 11 ] 78/762个月至5岁总用量100 000 IU,口服 ②③④⑤⑥ Shamaoon 2018 [ 12 ] 100/1002~59个月总用量100 000 IU,口服

2.2. 质量评价

纳入研究的Jadad评分结果见 表 2 。2篇文献评分为满分7分,4篇文献为6分,1篇文献为4分。

2

纳入文献的Jadad评分

文献 随机序列的产生 随机化隐藏 盲法 撤出与退出 分数
Manaseki-Holland 2010 [ 6 ] 2 2 2 1 7
Choudhary 2012 [ 7 ] 2 1 2 1 6
Gupta 2016 [ 8 ] 2 2 2 1 7
Rahmati 2016 [ 9 ] 2 1 2 1 6
Rajshekhar 2016 [ 10 ] 2 1 2 1 6
Somnath 2017 [ 11 ] 2 2 1 1 6
Shamaoon 2018 [ 12 ] 2 1 0 1 4

Cochrane协作网偏倚风险工具对文献的偏倚风险评价结果见 图 1 。本Meta分析所纳入的研究均进行了适当的随机分配方法,分配方案隐藏、结果测量者盲法、结果数据的完整性、选择性报告及其他偏倚风险大部分均较低或不清,其中2篇文献 [ 11 - 12 ] 的研究对象及方案实施者未实施盲法。

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is zgddekzz-22-2-124-1.jpg

纳入文献偏倚风险评价结果

2.3. Meta分析结果

2.3.1. 疾病恢复时间

3篇文献 [ 6 - 8 ] 报道了VD辅助治疗组与对照组的疾病恢复时间,各研究间异质性低( I 2 =12%, P =0.32),故采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析,结果显示两组疾病恢复时间的比较差异无统计学意义( MD =-1.02,95% CI :-5.74~3.70, P =0.67),见 图 2

2.3.2. 住院时间

4篇文献 [ 7 - 8 , 11 - 12 ] 报道了VD辅助治疗组与对照组的住院时间,各研究间异质性低( I 2 =44%, P =0.15),故采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析,结果显示两组住院时间的比较差异无统计学意义( MD =1.06,95% CI :-4.90~7.02, P =0.73)。根据对照组是否加用安慰剂进行亚组分析,结果显示VD辅助治疗组与对照组住院时间的比较差异仍无统计学意义(有安慰剂组: P =0.56;无安慰剂组: P =0.64)。见 图 3

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is zgddekzz-22-2-124-3.jpg

两组住院时间比较的Meta分析森林图

2.3.3. 退烧时间

4篇文献 [ 7 - 9 , 11 ] 报道了VD辅助治疗组与对照组的退烧时间,各研究间异质性低( I 2 =0%, P =0.48),故采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析,结果显示两组退烧时间比较差异无统计学意义( MD =1.66,95% CI :-2.44~5.76, P =0.43)。根据对照组是否加用安慰剂进行亚组分析,结果显示VD辅助治疗组与对照组退烧时间的比较差异仍无统计学意义(有安慰剂组: P =0.21;无安慰剂组: P =0.35)。见 图 4

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is zgddekzz-22-2-124-4.jpg

两组退烧时间比较的Meta分析森林图

2.3.4. 疾病复发率

4篇文献 [ 6 , 8 , 11 - 12 ] 报道了VD辅助治疗组与对照组的疾病复发率,各研究间异质性显著( I 2 =70%, P =0.02),故采用随机效应模型进行Meta分析,结果显示两组疾病复发率比较差异无统计学意义( RR =0.72,95% CI :0.46~1.12, P =0.14)。根据对照组是否加用安慰剂进行亚组分析,亚组分析中各研究间异质性有所减小(有安慰剂组: I 2 =58%, P =0.12;无安慰剂组: I 2 =56%, P =0.13)。Meta分析结果显示VD辅助治疗组与对照组疾病复发率的比较差异仍无统计学意义(有安慰剂组: P =0.47;无安慰剂组: P =0.11)。见 图 5

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is zgddekzz-22-2-124-5.jpg

两组复发率比较的Meta分析森林图

2.3.5. 不良反应率

4篇文献 [ 6 - 8 , 11 ] 报道了VD辅助治疗组与对照组的不良反应率,各研究间异质性低( I 2 =0%, P =0.42),故采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析,结果显示两组不良反应率比较差异无统计学意义( RR =1.22,95% CI :0.90~1.66, P =0.20)。根据对照组是否加用安慰剂进行亚组分析,结果显示VD辅助治疗组与对照组不良反应率的比较差异仍无统计学意义(有安慰剂组: P =0.35;无安慰剂组: P =0.26)。见 图 6

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is zgddekzz-22-2-124-6.jpg

两组不良反应率比较的Meta分析森林图

2.3.6. 病死率

4篇文献 [ 6 - 8 , 11 ] 报道了VD辅助治疗组与对照组的病死率,各研究间异质性低( I 2 =0%, P =0.67),故采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析,结果显示两组病死率的比较差异无统计学意义( RR =1.02,95% CI :0.23~4.45, P =0.98)。根据对照组是否加用安慰剂进行亚组分析,结果显示VD辅助治疗组与对照组病死率的比较差异仍无统计学意义(有安慰剂组: P =0.98)。见 图 7

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is zgddekzz-22-2-124-7.jpg

两组病死率比较的Meta分析森林图

2.4. 敏感性分析

各个结局指标中,只有疾病复发率异质性显著( I 2 =70%, P =0.02)。为进一步分析异质性来源,对此结局指标采用逐一剔除文献法进行敏感性分析,发现剔除Shamaoon等 [ 12 ] 的研究后各研究间异质性较低( I 2 =17%, P =0.30)。分析此文献,其Jadad评分最低,仅为4分,其余文献的Jadad评分均为6分或7分。剔除Shamaoon等 [ 12 ] 的文献后,采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析,结果显示两组疾病复发率的比较差异仍无统计学意义( RR =0.85,95% CI :0.72~1.01, P =0.07),见 图 8

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is zgddekzz-22-2-124-8.jpg

两组复发率敏感性分析森林图

3. 讨论

本研究在回顾既往研究结果的基础上,运用循证医学方法对VD辅助治疗儿童肺炎的疗效进行了客观评价,纳入的文献均为Jadad评分≥4分的高质量文献。本研究共纳入7项研究,Meta分析结果显示两组患儿疾病恢复时间、住院时间及退烧时间的比较差异均无统计学意义,两组肺炎的复发率、不良反应率及病死率的比较差异也无统计学意义,这与Das等 [ 13 ] 的系统评价分析结果一致。因此,本Meta分析认为VD辅助治疗对儿童肺炎的疗效没有明显作用。

本Meta分析纳入的文献中,有1篇文献 [ 10 ] 的结局数据无法行Meta分析,故仅在此进行描述性分析。这篇文献指出,短期补充VD对儿童肺炎的缓解时间无明显作用。Rahmati等 [ 9 ] 的研究报道,VD辅助治疗儿童肺炎可减少抗生素的使用时间,但此结局指标在本Meta分析所纳入的文献中仅这一篇予以报道,因此未对此指标进行Meta分析。

关于结局指标的异质性,本研究所观察指标中只有疾病复发率的异质性是显著的。对于该指标,根据对照组是否应用安慰剂进行了亚组分析。亚组分析中各研究间异质性有所减小,Meta分析结果显示VD辅助治疗组与对照组的疾病复发率差异仍无统计学意义。进一步的敏感性分析显示,剔除文献质量相对较低的文献 [ 12 ] 后,异质性显著降低,但Meta分析仍显示两组疾病复发率的比较差异无统计学意义。

本Meta分析的局限性:本研究所收集的数据来自不同的国家或地区,具有不同的研究背景和干预条件,此外,各研究中研究对象肺炎的严重程度、VD补充用量和时间及治疗前VD水平等也可能对结局指标产生影响,但由于纳入文献较少,未进一步进行亚组分析。

综上所述,本Meta分析研究显示,VD辅助治疗不会影响儿童肺炎的疾病恢复时间、住院时间及退烧时间,也不会减少儿童肺炎的复发率、不良反应率及病死率。由于纳入的研究数量有限,仍有待进一步开展大样本、高质量的临床随机对照研究,并进行亚组分析,以更全面了解VD辅助治疗儿童肺炎的临床应用价值。

Biographies

穆世茵, 女, 硕士研究生, 医师

Zou Y-X, Email: moc.361@31853211eux

References

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Articles from Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics are provided here courtesy of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University