秦 ( Kangxi radical 115, 禾 +5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大竹木 ( QKHD ), four-corner 5090 ₄ , composition ⿱ 𡗗 禾 )

• 榛 , 䆐 , 溱

Kangxi Dictionary: page 851 , character 30

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24995

Dae Jaweon: page 1275, character 28

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2597, character 5

Unihan data for U+79E6

In the oracle bone script , an ideogrammic compound ( 會意 / 会意 ): 午 (“pestle”, the original form of 杵 ) + 廾 (“two hands”) + two 禾 (“grain”). The most conservative variant is 𥢮 . A form of its bronze inscription containing only one 禾 developed into the subsequent small seal script form in Shuowen . The 午 and 廾 components have fused into 𡗗 in the modern form.

According to Shuowen Jiezi , the glyph is an ideogrammic compound ( 會意 / 会意 ): abbreviated 舂 ( “ to pound grain ” ) + 禾 ( “ grain ” ) – husked grain. However this would necessitate a phonological shift that is considered unlikely, and furthermore is likely a folk etymology altogether. ^{[ 1 ]}

• Mandarin

  ( Standard )

  ( Pinyin ) : Qín ( Qin ² )

  ( Zhuyin ) : ㄑㄧㄣˊ

  ( Xi'an , Guanzhong Pinyin ) : Qín

• Cantonese

  ( Guangzhou – Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : ceon ⁴

  ( Taishan , Wiktionary ) : tun ³

• Hakka

  ( Sixian , PFS ) : chhìn

  ( Hailu , HRS ) : cin

  ( Meixian , Guangdong ) : qin ²

• Northern Min ( KCR ) : cěng
• Eastern Min ( BUC ) : cìng
• Puxian Min ( Pouseng Ping'ing ): zing ²
• Southern Min

  ( Hokkien , POJ ) : chîn

  ( Teochew , Peng'im ) : cing ⁵ / cêng ⁵

• Wu ( Northern , Wugniu ) : ⁶ zhin / ² zin / ² jin

• Mandarin
  • ( Standard Chinese ) ⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin : Qín
    • Zhuyin : ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin : Cín
    • Wade–Giles : Chʻin ²
    • Yale : Chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh : Chyn
    • Palladius : Цинь (Cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
  • ( Xi'an )
    • Guanzhong Pinyin : Qín
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴/
• Cantonese
  • ( Standard Cantonese , Guangzhou – Hong Kong )
    • Jyutping : ceon ⁴
    • Yale : chèuhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin : tsoen ⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization : cên ⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡sʰɵn²¹/
  • ( Taishanese , Taicheng )
    • Wiktionary : tun ³
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /tʰun²²/
• Hakka
  • ( Sixian , incl. Miaoli and Neipu )
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ : chhìn
    • Hakka Romanization System : qin ^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim : qin ²
    • Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰin¹¹/
  • ( Hailu , incl. Zhudong )
    • Hakka Romanization System : cin
    • Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰin⁵⁵/
  • ( Meixian )
    • Guangdong : qin ²
    • Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • ( Jian'ou )
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized : cěng
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡seiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • ( Fuzhou )
    • Bàng-uâ-cê : cìng
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡siŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • ( Putian )
    • Pouseng Ping'ing : zing ²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍ : cíng
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡siŋ¹³/
  • ( Xianyou )
    • Pouseng Ping'ing : zing ²
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡siŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • ( Hokkien )
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī : chîn
    • Tâi-lô : tsîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun : ciin
    • IPA ( Xiamen ) : /t͡sin²⁴/
    • IPA ( Quanzhou ) : /t͡sin²⁴/
    • IPA ( Zhangzhou ) : /t͡sin¹³/
    • IPA ( Taipei ) : /t͡sin²⁴/
    • IPA ( Kaohsiung ) : /t͡sin²³/
  • ( Teochew )
    • Peng'im : cing ⁵ / cêng ⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī -like : tshîng / tshêng
    • Sinological IPA ^{( key )} : /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰeŋ⁵⁵/

• ( Northern : Shanghai )
  • Wugniu : ⁶ zhin
  • MiniDict : zhin ^去
  • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai) : ³ xxin
  • Sinological IPA ( Shanghai ) : /ʑin²³/
• ( Northern : Suzhou )
  • Wugniu : ² zin
  • MiniDict : zin ^平
  • Sinological IPA ( Suzhou ) : /zin²²³/
• ( Northern : Hangzhou )
  • Wugniu : ² jin
  • MiniDict : jin ^平
  • Sinological IPA ( Hangzhou ) : /d͡ʑin²³/

• Dialectal data

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

1. ( ～國 ) State of Qin (in ancient China )

   • 晉 侯 、 秦 伯 圍 鄭 ， 以 其 無禮 於 晉 ， 且 貳 於 楚 也 。 晉 軍 函陵 ， 秦 軍 氾南 。 [ Traditional Chinese poetry , trad. ]
     晋 侯 、 秦 伯 围 郑 ， 以 其 无礼 于 晋 ， 且 贰 于 楚 也 。 晋 军 函陵 ， 秦 军 氾南 。 [ Traditional Chinese poetry , simp. ]

     From: Commentary of Zuo , c. 4 ^th century BCE

     Jìn hóu, Qín bó wéi Zhèng, yǐ qí wúlǐ yú Jìn, qiě èr yú Chǔ yě. Jìn jūn Hánlíng, Qín jūn Fánnán. [Pinyin]

     The Marquis of Jin and the Earl of Qin laid siege to [the capital of] Zheng, under the pretext of the [Earl of] Zheng's disrespectful treatments towards [Marquis of] Jin and double-mindedness towards Chu. Jin armies were stationed at Hanling; Qin armies at Fannan.

2. ( ～朝 ) Qin dynasty , first imperial dynasty of China
3. Qin , a general area of central-west China in modern-day Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces
4. plain with river
5. a surname

   秦 良 玉 ― Qín Liángyù ― Qin Liangyu (Ming dynasty female general)

   關公 戰 秦 瓊 ／ 关公 战 秦 琼 ― Guān Gōng zhàn Qín Qióng ― Guan Yu fights Qin Qiong

Dynasties ( 朝代 ) in Chinese history Time period Divisions Xia
夏 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 2070 – 1600 BCE Shang
商 ( ～朝 , ～代 )
殷 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 1600 – 1046 BCE Zhou
周 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 1046 – 256 BCE Western Zhou
西周 Eastern Zhou
東周 / 东周 Spring and Autumn period
春秋 Warring States period
戰國 / 战国 Qin
秦 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 221 – 206 BCE Han
漢 / 汉 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 206 BCE – 220 C.E. Western Han
西漢 / 西汉 Xin
新 ( ～朝 ) Eastern Han
東漢 / 东汉 Three Kingdoms
三國 / 三国 220 – 280 C.E. Wei
魏 Shu Han
蜀漢 / 蜀汉 Wu
吳 / 吴 Jin
晉 / 晋 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 265 – 420 C.E. Western Jin
西晉 / 西晋 Eastern Jin
東晉 / 东晋 Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝 420 – 589 C.E. Northern dynasties
北朝 Northern Wei
北魏 Western Wei
西魏 Eastern Wei
東魏 / 东魏 Northern Zhou
北周 Northern Qi
北齊 / 北齐 Southern dynasties
南朝 Liu Song
劉宋 / 刘宋 Southern Qi
南齊 / 南齐 Liang
梁 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) Chen
陳 / 陈 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) Sui
隋 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 581 – 618 C.E. Tang
唐 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 618 – 907 C.E. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國 / 五代十国 907 – 960 C.E. Liao
遼 / 辽 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 907 – 1125 C.E. Song
宋 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 960 – 1279 C.E. Northern Song
北宋 Southern Song
南宋 Western Xia
西夏 1038 – 1227 C.E. Jin
金 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 1115 – 1234 C.E. Western Liao
西遼 / 西辽 1124 – 1218 C.E. Yuan
元 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 1271 – 1368 C.E. Ming
明 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 1368 – 1644 C.E. Qing
清 ( ～朝 , ～代 ) 1636 – 1912 C.E.

• → English: Ch'in , Chin , Qin , Tsin
• → ? Sanskrit: चीन ( cīna )
  • Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 ( cina ) , 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 ( ciṃna )
  • → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 ( čīn )
    • Classical Persian: چین ( čīn )
      • Dari: چین ( čīn )
      • Iranian Persian: چین ( čin )
      • Tajik: Чин ( Čin )
      • → Arabic: اَلصِّين ( aṣ-ṣīn )
        • → Ancient Greek: Θῖνα ( Thîna ) , Θῖναι ( Thînai ) , Σῖναι ( Sînai ) , Τζίνιστα ( Tzínista )
          • → Latin: Sīna , Sinae
      • → Venetan: Cina
        • → Italian: Cina
        • → Portuguese: China
          • → English: China
          • → Dutch: China
            • → German: China
        • → Sardinian: Cina
        • → Spanish: China
          • → Tagalog: Tsina
      • → Old French: Chin
        • French: Chine
  • → Middle Chinese: 支那 ( MC tsye na )
    • Chinese: 支那 ( Zhīnà )
    • → Japanese: 支那 ( しな, shina )
    • → Korean: 지나 ( jina )
    • → Vietnamese: Chi Na
  • → Malay: Cina
    • Indonesian: Cina
  • → Malayalam: ചീന ( cīna )
  • → Telugu: చీనా ( cīnā )
  • → Kannada: ಚೀನಾ ( cīnā )

^ “秦, Qin”, in zdic.net ‎ ^[1] , (Can we date this quote?)

• “ 秦 ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) ‎ ^[2] , 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong ), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants ( 教育部異體字字典 ), A02923
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [ Putian City Licheng District Archives ] , editor ( 2022 ), “ 秦 ”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [ Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary ] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 190 .

Japanese

[ edit ]

Kanji

[ edit ]

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 秦

秦

( Jinmeiyō kanji )

1. Qin dynasty

Readings

[ edit ]

• Go-on : じん ( jin )
• Kan-on : しん ( shin )
• Sō-on : ちん ( chin )
• Kun : はた ( hata , 秦 ) 、 はたしん ( hatashin , 秦 )
• Nanori : かな ( kana ) 、 たい ( tai ) 、 はだ ( hada ) 、 ひろ ( hiro ) 、 まさ ( masa ) 、 やす ( yasu )

Compounds

[ edit ]

• 秦篆 ( しんてん ) ( Shinten )
• 秦皮 ( しんぴ ) ( shinpi )
• 後秦 ( こうしん ) ( Kōshin )
• 西秦 ( せいしん ) ( Seishin )
• 先秦 ( せんしん ) ( Senshin )
• 前秦 ( ぜんしん ) ( Zenshin )
• 太秦 ( うずまさ ) ( Uzumasa )
• 秦皮 ( トネリコ ) ( toneriko )

Etymology 1

[ edit ]

Kanji in this term しん
Jinmeiyō kan'on

From Middle Chinese 秦 ( MC dzin ).

Pronunciation

[ edit ]

• ( Tokyo ) し ん [shíꜜǹ] ( Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA ^{( key )} : [ɕĩɴ]

Proper noun

[ edit ]

秦 ( しん ) • ( Shin )

1. ( historical ) the Qin dynasty (221-207 BCE ), first dynasty of China
2. ( historical ) name of various states during the Sixteen Kingdoms period:
   1. 前秦 ( Zenshin , “ Former Qin ” , 351-394 CE )
   2. 後秦 ( Kōshin , “ Later Qin ” , 384-417 CE )
   3. 西秦 ( Seishin , “ Western Qin ” , 385-431 CE )
3. a surname

Etymology 2

[ edit ]

Kanji in this term はた
Jinmeiyō kun'yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)

Pronunciation

[ edit ]

• ( Tokyo ) は た [hàtá] ( Heiban – [0])
• IPA ^{( key )} : [ha̠ta̠]

Proper noun

[ edit ]

秦 ( はた ) • ( Hata )

1. a place name
2. a surname

Derived terms

[ edit ]

• 秦 ( はたの ) 公 ( きみ ) 寺 ( でら ) ( Hatanokimi-dera )

Etymology 3

[ edit ]

Kanji in this term はたしん
Jinmeiyō kun'yomi

Compound of 秦 ( Hata , see above ) +‎ 秦 ( Shin , “ Qin ( dynasty ) ” , see above ) .

The 秦 kanji itself has a kun -reading of はた ( hata ) .

Pronunciation

[ edit ]

• ( Tokyo ) は たしん [hàtáshíń] ( Heiban – [0]) ^{[ 1 ]}
• IPA ^{( key )} : [ha̠ta̠ɕĩɴ]

Proper noun

[ edit ]

秦 ( はたしん ) • ( Hatashin )

1. synonym of 秦 ( Shin , see above )

Usage notes

[ edit ]

This reading is used to distinguish from the 漢音 ( kan'on ) reading of 晋 ( Shin , “ Jin dynasty ” ) , itself called 晋 ( Susumu-shin ) . The senses are the same for Etymology 1 above.

Etymology 4

[ edit ]

Kanji in this term はだ
Jinmeiyō nanori

Pronunciation

[ edit ]

• IPA ^{( key )} : [ha̠da̠]

Proper noun

[ edit ]

秦 ( はだ ) • ( Hada )

1. a surname

References

[ edit ]

^ Matsumura, Akira , editor ( 2006 ), 大辞林 [ Daijirin ] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo : Sanseidō , →ISBN

Korean

[ edit ]

Hanja

[ edit ]

秦 • ( jin ) ( hangeul 진 , revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)

Vietnamese

[ edit ]

Han character

[ edit ]

秦 : Hán Nôm readings: tần , thái

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{ rfdef }} .

Retrieved from " https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=秦&oldid=85102785 "

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