通过将量子力学和量子电动力学应用于耦合谐波德鲁德振荡器，我们研究了两个中性原子或分子在均匀静电场下的相互作用。我们的重点是了解对场致静电/极化和色散相互作用的主要贡献之间的相互作用，正如在非延迟和延迟状态所采用的 Drude 模型中所考虑的那样。对于第一种情况，我们提出了通过对角化相应的量子力学哈密顿量获得的两个耦合振荡器的精确解，并证明外场可以控制不同分子间相互作用的强度和分子的相对取向。在量子电动力学描述的延迟状态下，我们的分析表明，与非延迟情况相比，场致静电和极化能量保持不变（在各向同性和均匀真空中）。对于由量子德鲁德振荡器建模的相互作用物种，基于量子力学和量子电动力学的开发框架在外部和真空场的联合作用下对分子相互作用产生了主要贡献。 By means of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics applied to coupled harmonic Drude oscillators, we study the interaction between two neutral atoms or molecules subject to a uniform static electric field. Our focus is to understand the interplay between leading contributions to field-induced electrostatics/polarization and dispersion interactions, as considered within the employed Drude model for both non-retarded and retarded regimes. For the first case, we present an exact solution for two coupled oscillators obtained by diagonalizing the corresponding quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian and demonstrate that the external field can control the strength of different intermolecular interactions and relative orientations of the molecules. In the retarded regime described by quantum electrodynamics, our analysis shows that field-induced electrostatic and polarization energies remain unchanged (in isotropic and homogeneous vacuum) compared to the non-retarded case. For interacting species modeled by quantum Drude oscillators, the developed framework based on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics yields the leading contributions to molecular interactions under the combined action of external and vacuum fields.