Department of Sociology; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Lilly Family School of Philanthropy; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Center for the Study of Religion and American Culture; Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
虽然人们对灵性话题越来越感兴趣，但学者们对其在普通美国人中的含义的数据有限。本文基于一项新的具有全国代表性的调查中的一个开放式问题，记录了构成人们对灵性观点的要素。我们发现有神论是美国灵性的主要焦点，只有相对较少的人提供内在的描述。认知取向和关系取向比行为取向或伦理取向更为突出。使用潜在类别分析，我们确定了七种不同的灵性观点，它们的 ___________________________________________________________________ 这是作者以最终编辑形式发表的文章的手稿：Steensland, B., Wang, X., & Schmidt, LC (2018)。灵性：它对谁意味着什么？宗教科学研究杂志，57（3），450-472。https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12534 美国人普遍性和社会概况中精神的意义。二元 logit 回归表明，精神自我认同、对上帝的信仰和参加礼拜是与精神观点最密切相关的宗教因素。在社会人口统计学预测因素中，与性别、种族、教育和收入的显着关联是有限的或不存在的。相比之下，年龄和政治意识形态的影响更大。二元 logit 回归表明，精神自我认同、对上帝的信仰和参加礼拜是与精神观点最密切相关的宗教因素。在社会人口统计学预测因素中，与性别、种族、教育和收入的显着关联是有限的或不存在的。相比之下，年龄和政治意识形态的影响更大。二元 logit 回归表明，精神自我认同、对上帝的信仰和参加礼拜是与精神观点最密切相关的宗教因素。在社会人口统计学预测因素中，与性别、种族、教育和收入的显着关联是有限的或不存在的。相比之下，年龄和政治意识形态的影响更大。
While there is increasing interest in the topic of spirituality, scholars have limited data on its meaning among ordinary Americans. Based on an open-ended question in a new nationally representative survey, this paper documents the elements that make up people’s views of spirituality. We find that theism is the dominant focus of American spirituality, with a relatively small percentage of people offering exclusively immanent descriptions. Cognitive and relational orientations are more prominent than behavioral or ethical orientations. Using latent class analysis, we identify seven distinctive views of spirituality that vary considerably in their ___________________________________________________________________ This is the author's manuscript of the article published in final edited form as: Steensland, B., Wang, X., & Schmidt, L. C. (2018). Spirituality: What Does it Mean and to Whom? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 57(3), 450–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/jssr.12534 THE MEANING OF SPIRITUALITY AMONG AMERICANS prevalence and social profiles. Binary logit regression shows that spiritual self-identification, belief in God, and worship attendance are the religious factors most strongly associated with views of spirituality. Among socio-demographic predictors, significant associations with gender, race, education, and income are limited or absent. In contrast, the influences of age and political ideology are more substantial.
