作品目标：Windows Phone 7 开发的实用手册

Windows Phone中存在三种默认通知类型：Tile、Push 和 Toast 通知。

每个应用程序可设置Tile—应用程序内容的可视化、 动态的表示形式。当应用程序被固定显示在启动屏幕(Start Screen)时，我们就可以看到Tile的信息。Tile可以修改的三个元素包括：计数(Count)、标题(Title)和背景图像(Background)。

Toast通知是Windows Phone系统通知，且不破坏用户的工作流，十秒钟后自动消失。Toast通知显示在屏幕的顶部。

Toast通知的两个文本元素：标题和副标题。标题为粗体字显示的字符串，副标题为非粗体字显示的字符串。

Raw通知的格式可以任意设定。如果当前没有运行您的应用程序，Raw通知将被微软推通知服务丢弃，不会传递到Windows Phone设备。Raw通知的有效载荷的最大为 1 KB。

通知是用户体验中的重要组成部分，您需要仔细考虑它的使用方式。重复通知或侵入式通知会降低您的应用程序及设备上运行的其他程序的性能。这些通知还会打扰用户。

请考虑发送通知的频率以及您希望引起用户注意的事件类型。

Windows Phone应用程序的推送通知的实现方式中，程序员几乎不需要编写代码就可以实现在Windows Phone的三种推送通知响应，原因是系统本身已经替我们做好了。如果应用程序使用推送通知功能的话，需要开发者关注的主要有两个方面，第一是启用和关闭应用程序推送通知的设定，因为这是MarketPlace要求应用程序必须具备的功能；第二是Web Service的设计和代码实现，因为实现推送通知消息内容的逻辑都是在Web Service端完成的，然后通知MPNS将消息推送至Windows Phone应用程序。Web Service既可以是云端的Cloud Application，也可以是其他的Web应用程序，只要能和MPNS通讯即可。

本节中，我们参考微软官方博客-- The Windows Blog 上的文章 Windows Push Notification Server Side Helper Library ，深度解析推送通知实现架构中的需要开发者重点关注的两个方面。

推送通知消息基础类： PushNotificationMessage 类，以及三个子类： RawPushNotificationMessage 、 TilePushNotificationMessage 和 ToastPushNotificationMessage 。如图 Push Messages Class Diagram 。

图 Push Messages Class Diagram

下面的代码片段演示了如何使用Windows Phone的推送通知类库以同步和异步的方式发送Tile通知。

// Prepare a tile push notification message.
var tile = new TilePushNotificationMessage
{
BackgroundImageUri = tileImageUri, // Remote or phone-local tile image uri.
Count = tileCount, // Counter between 1 to 99 should be displayed on the tile.
Title = “Tile Title” // Title to be displayed on the tile.
};

// Send the message synchronously.
try
{
var sendResult = tile.Send(phoneChannelUri);
// Check the send result.
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Log the error.
}

// Send the message asynchronously.
tile.SendAsync(
phoneChannelUri,
result => { /* Check the send result */ },
exception => { /* Log the error */ });

从上面的代码可以看出，发送Tile通知到Windows Phone应用多么简单，仅仅是创建一个新的TilePushNotificationMessage，并设置相关的属性，然后调用同步Send和异步SendAsync的方法即可。

下面的代码片段演示了如何使用Windows Phone的推送通知类库以同步和异步的方式发送Toast通知。

// Prepare a toast push notification message.
var toast = new ToastPushNotificationMessage
{
Title = “Title”, // Title to be displayed as the toast header.
Subtitle = “Sub Title” // Message to be displayed next to the toast header.
};

// Send the message synchronously.
try
{
var sendResult = toast.Send(phoneChannelUri);
// Check the send result.
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Log the error.
}

// Send the message asynchronously.
toast. SendAsync (
phoneChannelUri,
result => { /* Check the send result */ },
exception => { /* Log the error */ });

// Prepare a raw push notification message.
byte [] rawData = {};
var raw = new RawPushNotificationMessage
{
RawData = rawData, // Raw data to be sent with the message.
};

// Send the message synchronously.
try
{
var sendResult = raw.Send(phoneChannelUri);
// Check the send result.
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Log the error.
}

// Send the message asynchronously.
raw. SendAsync (
phoneChannelUri,
result => { /* Check the send result */ },
exception => { /* Log the error */ });

我们使用简单的Silverlight应用说明如何将推送通知消息发送到Windows Phone智能手机。

为了接收推送通知消息，Windows Phone应用程序需要向微软推送通知服务MPNS发送注册请求，MPNS返回的Windows Phone智能手机的URI（统一资源标识符）。

在我们的示例中，推送通知PN功能封装在 PushContext 类。强烈建议您每次启动应用程序时将PN通道URI更新到Web Service，确保您的Web Service中保存的是智能手机最新的URI。

每个Windows Phone应用，如果使用推送通知都必须允许用户设置推送通知功能的开启和关闭。 即程序开启推送通知PN通道时需要得到用户的许可，且用户也可以选择关闭推送通知PN通道。下面的画面(Project : WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client File : Views/PushSettingControl.XAML)显示了示例应用程序的推送通知设定页面。

图 push setting

Project : WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client File : Views/PushSettingControl.XAML

< UserControl x:Class = " WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client.Controls.PushSettingsControl "
xmlns = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation "
xmlns:x = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml "
xmlns:tk = " clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone.Controls.Toolkit "
xmlns:converters = " clr-namespace:WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client.Converters "
xmlns:d = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008 "
xmlns:mc = " http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006 "
mc:Ignorable = " d "
FontFamily = " {StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal} "
FontSize = " {StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal} "
Foreground = " {StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush} "
d:DesignHeight = " 640 " d:DesignWidth = " 480 " >

< UserControl.Resources >

< converters:BoolBrushConverter x:Key = " BoolBrushConverter " />

< Style x:Key = " DescTextStyle " TargetType = " TextBlock " >
< Setter Property = " FontSize " Value = " 14 " />
< Setter Property = " Foreground " Value = " Silver " />
< Setter Property = " TextWrapping " Value = " Wrap " />
< Setter Property = " Margin " Value = " 16,-38,16,24 " />
</ Style >
</ UserControl.Resources >

< Grid x:Name = " LayoutRoot " Background = " {StaticResource PhoneChromeBrush} " >

< StackPanel >
< StackPanel >
< tk:ToggleSwitch Header = " Push Notifications "
IsChecked = " {Binding IsPushEnabled, Mode=TwoWay} " />
< TextBlock Style = " {StaticResource DescTextStyle} "
Text = " Turn on/off push notifications. " />
</ StackPanel >

< Grid >
< StackPanel Margin = " 16,0,0,0 " >
< tk:ToggleSwitch Header = " Tile Notifications "
IsChecked = " {Binding IsTileEnabled, Mode=TwoWay} " />
< TextBlock Style = " {StaticResource DescTextStyle} "
Text = " Tile push notifications update the application's tile displayed in the Start Screen. The application must be pinned by the user first. " />

< tk:ToggleSwitch Header = " Toast Notifications "
IsChecked = " {Binding IsToastEnabled, Mode=TwoWay} " />
< TextBlock Style = " {StaticResource DescTextStyle} "
Text = " Toast push notifications are system-wide notifications that do not disrupt the user workflow or require intervention to resolve and are displayed in the top of the screen for ten seconds. " />

< tk:ToggleSwitch Header = " Raw Notifications "
IsChecked = " {Binding IsRawEnabled, Mode=TwoWay} " />
< TextBlock Style = " {StaticResource DescTextStyle} "
Text = " Raw push notifications are used to send application specific information. The application must be running first. " />
</ StackPanel >

< Border Background = " {Binding IsPushEnabled, Converter={StaticResource BoolBrushConverter}} " />
</ Grid >

</ StackPanel >
</ Grid >
</ UserControl >

当用户登录时，注册PN推送通知的通道。

Project: WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client File: Views/ UserLoginView.xaml.cs

private void InternalLogin()
{
login.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
progress.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;

var pushContext = PushContext.Current;
pushContext.Connect(c => RegisterClient(c.ChannelUri));
}

private void RegisterClient(Uri channelUri)
{
// Register the URI with 3rd party web service.
try
{
var pushService = new PushServiceClient();
pushService.RegisterCompleted += (s, e) =>
{
pushService.CloseAsync();

Completed(e.Error);
};

pushService.RegisterAsync(UserName, channelUri);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Completed(ex);
}
}

public void Connect(Action < HttpNotificationChannel > prepared)
{
if (IsConnected)
{
prepared(NotificationChannel);
return ;
}

try
{
// First, try to pick up an existing channel.
NotificationChannel = HttpNotificationChannel.Find(ChannelName);

if (NotificationChannel == null )
{
// Create new channel and subscribe events.
CreateChannel(prepared);
}
else
{
// Channel exists, no need to create a new one.
SubscribeToNotificationEvents();
PrepareChannel(prepared);
}

IsConnected = true ;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
OnError(ex);
}
}

public void Disconnect()
{
if ( ! IsConnected)
{
return ;
}

try
{
if (NotificationChannel != null )
{
UnbindFromTileNotifications();
UnbindFromToastNotifications();
NotificationChannel.Close();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
OnError(ex);
}
finally
{
NotificationChannel = null ;
IsConnected = false ;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Create channel, subscribe to channel events and open the channel.
/// </summary>
private void CreateChannel(Action < HttpNotificationChannel > prepared)
{
// Create a new channel.
NotificationChannel = new HttpNotificationChannel(ChannelName, ServiceName);

// Register to UriUpdated event. This occurs when channel successfully opens.
NotificationChannel.ChannelUriUpdated += (s, e) => Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => PrepareChannel(prepared));

SubscribeToNotificationEvents();

// Trying to Open the channel.
NotificationChannel.Open();
}

绑定和解除绑定Raw、Tile和Toast通知消息的函数。

Project: WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client File: PushContext.cs

private void BindToTileNotifications()

if (NotificationChannel != null && !NotificationChannel.IsShellTileBound)

var listOfAllowedDomains = new Collection < Uri >(AllowedDomains);

NotificationChannel.BindToShellTile(listOfAllowedDomains);

catch ( Exception ex)

OnError(ex);

private void BindToToastNotifications()

if (NotificationChannel != null && !NotificationChannel.IsShellToastBound)

NotificationChannel.BindToShellToast();

catch ( Exception ex)

OnError(ex);

private void UnbindFromTileNotifications()

if (NotificationChannel.IsShellTileBound)

NotificationChannel.UnbindToShellTile();

catch ( Exception ex)

OnError(ex);

private void UnbindFromToastNotifications()

if (NotificationChannel.IsShellToastBound)

NotificationChannel.UnbindToShellToast();

catch ( Exception ex)

OnError(ex);

为了说明如何在Web Service设计推送通知服务功能，我们创建WPF应用程序Push Notifications Server，即Web Service，模拟第三方服务器。 在WPF应用程序创建一个WCF服务，让Windows Phone应用订阅通知服务并与MPNS通讯。

WPF应用程序 Push Notifications Server 有五个选项卡（One-time、 Ask to Pin、 Custom Tile、Counter和Tile Scheduled），One-Time实现次性推送三种类型的通知消息；Counter演示计算器重置；Ask to Pin实现询问用户是否将应用程序固定显示在启动页面；Custom Tile实现定制Tile通知消息Tile Scheduled实现设定Tile更新计划表。下面的章节将详细讲述这五个选项卡的功能。

One-Time选项卡是向注册用户提供最简单的推送模式 ，即一次性将三种类型的推送通知：Raw、Tile和Toast通知推送给Windows Phone。 One-Time选项卡 显示了三种类型通知的可设置的属性，以及MPNS的返回值类型。

本节中，发送Tile通知消息的OnSend方法，设定Tile通知消息的URI信息为 http://localhost:8000/ImageService/GetTileImage?uri=channel_uri ，而不是一个We bService的URL图像位置。

因为Tile图像URI必须指向一个远程地址的服务器，如Web上的图像资源。在本例子中为了演示方便我们偷梁换柱，通过WCF ImageService类将图像的URL发送给REST服务。 这个REST服务就是GetTileImage REST服务，它返回图片的Stream对象。

Project: WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Server

File: ViewModels/Patterns/ CustomTileImagePushPatternViewModel.cs

protected override void OnSend()

// Starts by sending a tile notification to all relvant subscribers.

// This tile notification updates the tile with custom image.

var tileMsg = new TilePushNotificationMessage ( MessageSendPriority .High)

Count = Count,

Title = Title

foreach (var subscriber in PushService.Subscribers)

// Set the tile background image uri with the address of the ImageService.GetTileImage,

// REST service, using current subscriber channel uri as a parameter to bo sent to the service.

tileMsg.BackgroundImageUri = new Uri (string.Format( ImageService .GetTileImageService, string.Empty));

tileMsg.SendAsync(subscriber.ChannelUri, Log, Log);

发送Tile通知消息后，Windows Phone返回URL激活REST服务：ImageService.GetTileImage。 这个方法会触发一个事件，要求WPF应用程序提供的图像流。 在实际的应用程序中，您可以使用图像处理库创建定制的图像而不需要用到本例中关于UI的技术。

Project: WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Server

File: Services / ImageService.cs

///<summary>

/// Get a generated custom tile image stream for the given uri.

///</summary>

///<param name="parameter"> The tile image request parameter. </param>

///<returns> A stream of the custom tile image generated. </returns>

public Stream GetTileImage( string parameter)

if (ImageRequest != null )

var args = new ImageRequestEventArgs (parameter);

ImageRequest( this , args);

// Seek the stream back to the begining just in case.

args.ImageStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin .Begin);

return args.ImageStream;

return Stream .Null;

Web Service可以通过微软推送服务发送Tile通知时，Windows Phone也使用 ShellTileSchedule 类定期检查Tile更新。 Windows Phone应用程序可以通过唯一标识URI自动发送请求，定期获取Tile的更新。

使用 ShellTileSchedule 类设定Tile通知的定时更新。目前Windows Phone智能手机支持的最频繁更新周期是每小时更新。本例中， ShellTileSchedule 类设定的设定方法为，点击"设定计划表"设定更新计划。

Project: WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client

File: Views/InboxView.xaml.cs

private ShellTileSchedule _tileSchedule;

private void ButtonSchedule_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

_tileSchedule = new ShellTileSchedule ();

_tileSchedule.Recurrence = UpdateRecurrence .Interval;

_tileSchedule.StartTime = DateTime .Now;

_tileSchedule.Interval = UpdateInterval .EveryHour;

_tileSchedule.RemoteImageUri = new Uri ( string .Format(GetTileImageService, TileScheduleParameter));

_tileSchedule.Start();

点击"测试URI"按钮会导致 WPF应用程序 Push Notifications Server 发送Tile通知消息。运行此功能前需要将Windows Phone应用程序Push Patterns固定显示在启动页面。

Project: WindowsPhone.Recipes.Push.Client

File: Views/InboxView.xaml.cs

private void ButtonTestNow_Click( object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

var pushService = new PushServiceClient ();

pushService.UpdateTileCompleted += (s1, e1) =>

pushService.CloseAsync();

catch ( Exception ex)

ex.Show();

pushService.UpdateTileAsync( PushContext .Current.NotificationChannel.ChannelUri, SelectedServerImage);

catch ( Exception ex)

ex.Show();