伽马射线天文学从一开始就是马普地外物理研究所 (MPE) 的主要科学研究领域之一。多年来，人们探索了从太空可到达的整个伽马射线能量范围。这篇评论文章的目的是总结 MPE 伽马射线小组在过去 50 多年中取得的成就。这涵盖了天基伽马射线天文学一般历史的很大一部分，其中包括一般评论文章（例如 Pinkau in Exp Astron 5: 157, 2009；Schönfelder in AN 323: 524, 2002；Trimble in AIP Conf Proc 304: 40, 1994）和一份详细的事件和任务列表（Leonard 和 Gehrels 在 https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/history，1.0.8 版，2009 年）已被编译。在这里，我们描述了 MPE 从开始到现在的伽马射线活动，审查新仪器的新技术发展与理解天空中伽马射线源的科学进步之间的紧密相互作用。这包括（i）仪器的早期开发及其在六次气球飞行中的测试，（ii）参与当时最重要的太空任务，即 ESA 的 COS-B 卫星、NASA 的康普顿伽马射线天文台和费米太空望远镜以及欧空局的 INTEGRAL 天文台，(iii) 参与了其他几个任务，例如 TD-1、太阳最大值任务或 Ulysses，以及 (iv) 互补的地面光学仪器 OPTIMA 和 GROND，以增强选定的科学主题（脉冲星、伽马射线爆发）。随着 2010 年以来机构支持的逐渐枯竭，作为主要研究领域的伽马射线天体物理学在 MPE 已经走到了尽头。
Gamma-ray astronomy has been one of the prime scientific research fields of the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) from its beginning. Over the years, the entire gamma-ray energy range accessible from space was explored. The purpose of this review article is to summarise the achievements of the gamma-ray group at MPE during the last 50+ years. This covers a substantial part of the general history of space-based gamma-ray astronomy, for which both, general review articles (e.g. Pinkau in Exp Astron 5: 157, 2009; Schönfelder in AN 323: 524, 2002; Trimble in AIP Conf Proc 304: 40, 1994) and a detailed tabular list of events and missions (Leonard and Gehrels in https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/history, version 1.0.8, 2009), have been compiled. Here, we describe the gamma-ray activities at MPE from the beginning till the present, reviewing the tight interplay between new technological developments towards new instruments and scientific progress in understanding gamma-ray sources in the sky. This covers (i) the early development of instruments and their tests on half a dozen balloon flights, (ii) the involvement in the most important space missions at the time, i.e. ESA’s COS-B satellite, NASA’s Compton Gamma-ray Observatory and Fermi Space Telescope, as well as ESA’s INTEGRAL observatory, (iii) the participation in several other missions such as TD-1, Solar Maximum Mission, or Ulysses, and (iv) the complementary ground-based optical instruments OPTIMA and GROND to enhance selected science topics (pulsars, gamma-ray bursts). With the gradual running-out of institutional support since 2010, gamma-ray astrophysics as a main research field has now come to an end at MPE.
