Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
蜘蛛丝作为最坚硬的天然和生物相容性物质之一，具有非凡的强度和柔韧性，已成为各个科学领域的理想选择，并已进入生物医学行业。尽管它越来越受欢迎，但从蜘蛛身上提取丝并对其进行养殖的困难使其无法承受，并且几乎不可能实现工业规模化。生物技术有助于在不同宿主中重组生产蜘蛛丝，并根据不同的加工和组装程序从中获得不同的形态。在此，总结了这些形态的特点及其优缺点。详细介绍重组蚕丝在皮肤再生和软骨、肌腱、骨骼、牙齿、心血管、和神经组织工程的出现，需要强大的支架来支持细胞生长。同样，蜘蛛丝蛋白可用作导管结构、医用缝合线和 3D 打印机生物墨水。蜘蛛丝的其他特性，如低免疫原性、疏水性、均质性和可调节性，在药物和基因传递中引起了广泛关注。最后，讨论了在生物医学中工业化生产足够数量的蜘蛛丝蛋白所面临的挑战和障碍，以及克服这些障碍的解决方案。低免疫原性、疏水性、均质性和可调节性等在药物和基因递送中引起了广泛关注。最后，讨论了在生物医学中工业化生产足够数量的蜘蛛丝蛋白所面临的挑战和障碍，以及克服这些障碍的解决方案。低免疫原性、疏水性、均质性和可调节性等在药物和基因递送中引起了广泛关注。最后，讨论了在生物医学中工业化生产足够数量的蜘蛛丝蛋白所面临的挑战和障碍，以及克服这些障碍的解决方案。
Spider silk, as one of the hardest natural and biocompatible substances with extraordinary strength and flexibility, have become an ideal option in various areas of science and have made their path onto the biomedical industry. Despite its growing popularity, the difficulties in the extraction of silks from spiders and farming them have made it unaffordable and almost impossible for industrial scale. Biotechnology helped production of spider silks recombinantly in different hosts and obtaining diverse morphologies out of them based on different processing and assembly procedures. Herein, the characteristics of these morphologies and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. A detailed view about applications of recombinant silks in skin regeneration and cartilage, tendon, bone, teeth, cardiovascular, and neural tissues engineering are brought out, where there is a need for strong scaffolds to support cell growth. Likewise, spider silk proteins have applications as conduit constructs, medical sutures, and 3D printer bioinks. Other characteristics of spider silks, such as low immunogenicity, hydrophobicity, homogeneity, and adjustability, have attracted much attention in drug and gene delivery. Finally, the challenges and obstacles ahead for industrializing the production of spider silk proteins in sufficient quantities in biomedicine, along with solutions to overcome these barriers, are discussed.
