The Debate between A Man and His Soul is a papyrus in the twelfth dynasty of ancient Egypt, in the papyrus the concept of "Debate with the Soul" appeared for the first time in the history of ancient Egypt, the papyrus describes the debate between "Man" and "Soul" around the theme of death, "Man" represents the author's negative and suicidal idea, "Soul" represents the positive idea and cherish life. The social phenomena described in the papyrus reveal the real historical background of ancient Egypt. In face of the troubled society and miserable life, the author's heart is contradictory, the author uses the role of "Soul" to enlighten himself, and relieve the psychological pressure, then eliminate the idea of suicide. The "Soul Debate" is contrary to the unity of the "Soul" and "Man" in ancient Egyptian traditional culture, it reflects the ancient Egyptians' thinking about life, it shows the challenge of new civilization to traditional civilization and the development and change of the human's view of soul.