宁波 詹
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
解放军第三〇二医院 医学工程科(北京 100039),
Medical Engineering Department, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
锋 陈
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
耀华 杜
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
智 程
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
辰宇 李
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
金龙 吴
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
太虎 吴
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
军事医学科学院 卫生装备研究所(天津 300161),
Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, P.R.China
解放军第三〇二医院 医学工程科(北京 100039),
Medical Engineering Department, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R.China
Keywords:
浮游菌, 微环境, 实验箱
Abstract
One of the most important environmental cleanliness indicators is airborne microbe. However, the particularity of clean operating environment and controlled experimental environment often leads to the limitation of the airborne microbe research. This paper designed and implemented a microenvironment test chamber for airborne microbe research in normal test conditions. Numerical simulation by Fluent showed that airborne microbes were evenly dispersed in the upper part of test chamber, and had a bottom-up concentration growth distribution. According to the simulation results, the verification experiment was carried out by selecting 5 sampling points in different space positions in the test chamber. Experimental results showed that average particle concentrations of all sampling points reached 10
7
counts/m
3
after 5 minutes’ distributing of
Staphylococcus aureus
, and all sampling points showed the accordant mapping of concentration distribution. The concentration of airborne microbe in the upper chamber was slightly higher than that in the middle chamber, and that was also slightly higher than that in the bottom chamber. It is consistent with the results of numerical simulation, and it proves that the system can be well used for airborne microbe research.
Keywords:
airborne microbe, microenvironment, test chamber
引言
浮游菌(airborne microbe)是指悬浮在空气中的,可通过培养基在适宜的生长条件下繁殖到可见菌落数的活性微生物粒子
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1
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。流行病学研究表明,医院手术室、重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)等各类洁净环境的浮游菌浓度与患者感染率呈正相关
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。浮游菌的发生、存活、限制扩散、快速检测和分布评价等研究已成为国内外研究的热点
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4
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。
洁净环境下直接对浮游菌进行研究存在两方面的问题:一是容易对正常的作业活动造成干扰;二是存在携带污染。研究表明洁净环境下人员活动会造成浮游菌浓度显著升高
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。因此,在对浮游菌进行研究时往往需要建立独立的受控实验环境。美国环保局(Environmental Protection Agency,EPA)在进行相关研究时建造了庞大的闭环风洞系统(20 m×14 m×1.5 m)
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,拜耳(Bayer HealthCare)则借助了美军 Dugway 试验场 150 m
3
的微生物密闭舱完成测试
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。鉴于在常规实验室中达成这些实验条件比较困难,本研究研制了一个浮游菌微环境密闭实验箱系统,可用于对浮游菌的发生、存活自净、采样检测和分布特性进行研究
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。实验箱内湿度可调,可模拟不同湿度条件下的浮游菌生存环境,同时箱内保持一定负压,避免浮游菌外泄污染工作环境。