People spend the majority of their time indoors, and concentrations and characteristics of indoor pollutants are therefore posing greater risk affecting human health. Many studies have demonstrated that large amount of formaldehyde and VOCs can emit from commonly used building materials. The most frequently isolated VOCs were Toluene and m,p-Xylene, The main point in this research is using small chamber to measure the emission rate of VOCs and formaldehyde for the building interior materials, and to establish a domestic standard of test method.
In this study, a small environmental chamber and sampling /analysis system refer to the standard method D5116-97 of U.S ASTM was set up for the testing of VOCs and formaldehyde emission rates of building materials. The environmental conditions of the chamber were set as 25±0.5℃, 50±2﹪, and 0.5 ACH. Four materials were selected to evaluate: (1)wood-based panels (2)wood-based floors (3)water-base paint (4)latex paint. VOCs were sampled on stainless steel tubes with Carbotrap and Carboxen1000/1003, and were desorbed with thermal desorption and analyzed by GC/FID. Formaldehyde was sampled on glass tube with XAD-2, and desorbed with toluene. Analysis and quantification was by GC/FID.
At present, the government in USA has recommended an indoor air quality goal for formaldehyde of 100 ppb and for TVOC of 300μg/m3. For wood-based panels, the highest emission concentration of formaldehyde was 751 ppb at 4 hours after the test beginning. After 48 hours, it decreased to 119 ppb and still over the 80ppb. The highest emission rate of formaldehyde was 1.26 mg/ m2*h. Besides, the highest emission concentration of TVOCs was 487 μg/m3, and below 300μg/m3 after 9 hours .The highest emission rate of TVOCs was 590μg/m2*h. The emission rate for latex paint was the highest from others. Benzene was detected and the highest emission concentration was 6mg/m3 at 30 min after the test beginning. The highest emission rate of TVOCs was 1115 mg/m2*h. For wood-based floor, the highest emission concentration of formaldehyde was 107 ppb at 8 hours after test beginning, and it was below 100 ppb after 28 hours. The highest emission concentration of TVOCs for wood-based floor and water-based paint were below 300μg/m3. When using the wood-based panels , wood-based flooring and latex paint to decorate the environment (length, width and high is 3×3×2.5 m) and office table(length, width and high is 90×60×90 cm), the highest concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs were 1905 ppb and 171910 mg/m3. The concentration of benzene was 591 mg/m3..
The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs of wood-based panel were over the recommends in USA. Using this type of wood-based panel to decorate, the concentration of formaldehyde was 1905 ppb. Furthermore, the emission rate for latex paint was the highest from others. We should use water-based paint to replace latex paint for prevention of indoor air pollution. Until now, we don’t have an indoor air quality goal for VOCs or formaldehyde. The result of our research will be basis of establishing the guild-lines of indoor environment quality and framing policies.
摘要……………………………………………………………………………… I
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….. II

目錄……………………………………………………………………………...III.
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………… Ⅴ
表目錄…………………….……………………………………………………... Ⅶ
第一章 緒章…………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究背景………………………………………………………………... 1
1.2 研究目的………………………………………………………………... 3
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………… 4
2.1 揮發性有機物之定義…………………………………………………... 4
2.2 室內揮發性有機物與甲醛來源及種類……………………………….. 4
2.3 室內建材與揮發性有機物及甲醛的關係…………………………….. 8
2.4 ASTM D5116-97………………………………………………………... 10
2.5 相關標準測試方法…………………………………………………….. 12
2.6 揮發性有機物逸散機制……………………………………………….. 14
2.6.1 蒸發質量傳遞……………………………………….……………… 14
2.6.2 脫附作用……………………………………………………………. 14
2.6.3 物質內的擴散作用…………………………………………………. 15
2.6.4 影響質傳變數………………………………………………………. 15
2.6.5 環境因子之影響……………………………………………………. 15
2.7 揮發性有機物之逸散速率模式………………………………………... 16
2.8 VOCs及甲醛對人體健康影響…………………………………………. 18
2.8.1 甲醛對人體健康之影響……………………………………………. 18
2.8.2 揮發性有機物對人體健康之影響…………………………………. 19
2.9 國內外室內空氣品質標準與建議值…………………………………... 19
第三章 研究材料與方法……………………………………………………… 22
3.1 研究架構……………………………………...………………………… 22
3.2 設備…………………………………………...………………………… 23
3.2.1 環境控制箱………………………………...……………………….. 24
3.2.2 潔淨空氣產生系統………………………...……………………….. 25
3.2.3 環境測量與監控系統……………………...……………………..… 26
3.2.4 採樣及分析裝置…………………………...……………………..… 26
3.3 揮發性有機物採樣分析方法………………...……………………..….. 26
3.4 甲醛採樣分析方法………………………………...………………….... 30
3.5 建材樣本之選擇………………………………...…………………..….. 30
第四章 實驗結果與討論……………………………...…………………..…... 31
4.1 環控箱穩定度測試…………………………...…………………..….…. 31
4.2 標準方法的建立…………………………...…………………..….……. 32
4.2.1 室內建材中VOC逸散檢測標準分析方法..……………..……….. 33
4.2.2 室內建材中甲醛逸散檢測標準分析方法…………..….……….…. 35
4.3 數據之品保與品管…………………………...…………………..….……. 38
4.3.1 檢量線之建立與製作……………………...…………………..…… 38
4.3.2 準確度、精密度及方法偵測下限………...…………………..…… 38
4.3.3 環控箱之空白分析………………………...…………………..…… 39
4.3.4 本研究與ASTM D5116-97之比較……...…………………..…… .40
4.4 建材測試結果…………………………...…………………..….………. 40
4.4.1 木心板…………………………...…………………..….…………... 41
4.4.2 木地板…………………………...…………………..….…………... 42
4.4.3 水泥漆…………………………...…………………..….…………... 43
4.4.4 調和漆…………………………...…………………..….…………... 44
4.5 模擬室內空間之逸散變化情形…...…………………..….……………. 45
第五章 結論與建議…………………………...…………………..….……….. 48
5.1 結論…………………………...…………………..….…………………. 48
5.2 建議…………………………...…………………..….…………………. 50

圖目錄
圖3-4 熱脫附裝置之採樣管………………………………………………… 57
圖4-1 環控箱溫溼度穩定度測試……………………………………………. 57
圖4-2 環控箱混合度測試(張志成,1998) …………………………….…… 58
圖4-3 修正前後環控箱進氣口之變化情形…………………………….……... 58
圖4-4 環控箱進氣口修正前後空氣流場模擬結果…………………….…….. 59
圖4-5 不鏽鋼建材基座………………………………………………………… 59
圖4-6、室內建材有機物質逸散研究之配置圖……………………………….. 60
圖4-7 室內建材檢測分析流程圖……………………………………………… 61
圖4-8 室內建材甲醛逸散研究之流程簡圖…………………………………... 62
圖4-9、甲醛採樣及分析流程圖…………………………………………….… 63
圖 4-10 Benzene 低、高濃度檢量線………………………………….…….… 64
圖 4-11 Toluene 低、高濃度檢量線………………………………….…….…. 64
圖 4-12 ethylBenzene 低、高濃度檢量線…………………………….…….… 64
圖 4-13 m,p-Xylene 低、高濃度檢量線…………………………….……...…. 65
圖 4-14 o-Xylene 低、高濃度檢量線…………………………….…….….…. 65
圖4-15 甲醛檢量線………………………………………………………….… 65
圖4-16 木心板中總揮發性有機物之逸散濃度變化情...…………………….. 66
圖 4-17 木心板TVOC逸散速率變化情形…………………………………… 66
圖4-18木心板中各成份VOC所佔百分比……………………………………. 67
圖4-19 木心板之甲醛濃度變化情形………………………………………….. 67
圖4-20 木心板甲醛之逸散速率變化情形……………………………………. 68
圖4-21 木地板之TVOC濃度變化情形…...………………………………….. 68
圖4-22木地板之TVOC逸散速率變化情形………………………………….. 69
圖4-23地板中各VOC所佔百分比……………………………………………. 69
圖4-24 木地板甲醛逸散濃度變化情形……………………………………….. 70
圖4-25 木地板甲醛逸散速率變化情形……………………………………….. 70
圖4-26 水泥漆TVOC逸散濃度變化情形……………………………………. 71
圖4-27 水泥漆TVOC逸散速率變化情形……………………………………. 71
圖4-28 水泥漆中各VOC所佔之百分比………………………………………. 72
圖4-29 調和漆中Benzene之逸散濃度變化情形……………………………. 72
圖4-30 調和漆中Benzene之逸散速率變化情形…………………………….. 73
圖4-31 調和漆中TVOC之逸散濃度變化情形………………………………. 73
圖4-32 調和漆中TVOC之逸散速率變化情形………………………………. 74
圖4-33 調和漆中各VOC所佔百分比………. ………………………………. 74
圖4-34 模擬室內空間之TVOC濃度變化情形(調和漆) ………………….… 75
圖4-35 模擬室內空間之Benzene濃度變化情形(調和漆) ………………….. 75
圖4-36 模擬室內空間之甲醛濃度變化情形………………………………….. 76
圖4-37模擬室內空間之TVOC濃度變化情形（水泥漆）………………….. 76


表目錄
表2-1 有機污染物分類………………………………………………………... 77
表2-2 室內揮發性有機物分類表……………………………………………... 77
表2-3 室內主要污染物及其來源……………………………………………… 78
表2-4 室內常見揮發性有機物………………………………………………... 78
表2-5、室內外環境中甲醛濃度值比較………………………………………. 79
表2-6 裝潢建材對室內空氣品質影響的實測案例…………………………… 80
表2-7 42種建材量測結果中最常見及濃度最高之VOCs種類……………. 81
表2-8 建材逸散之VOCs之種類及濃度………………………………...……. 82
表2-9 ASTM D5116-97所列舉之各項參數值…………………………...……. 84
表2-10 相關建材檢測之測試方法...………………………………………….. 85
表2-11 甲醛濃度對人體的影響……………………………………………….. 85
表2-12 室內常見VOCs對人體健康危害…………………………………….. 86
表2-13普通合板、特殊合板（JAS）………………………………………… 87
表2-14澳洲木質建材依甲醛濃度值之分級…………………………………. 87
表2-15 芬蘭建材之分級標準…………………………………………………. 87
表2-16 國內外建築物內室內空氣品質標準建議值…………………………. 88
表3-1 Trapper所充填的三種不同吸附劑……………………………………. 88
表3-2 分析建材之種類………………………………………………………… 89
表4-1 Benzene低、高質量數對波峰面積之關係…………………………….. 89
表4-2 Toluene低、高質量數對波峰面積之關係….………………………….. 89
表4-3 ethylBenzene低、高質量數對波峰面積之關係……………………….. 89
表4-4 m,p-Xylene低、高質量數對波峰面積之關係.……………………..….. 90
表4-5 o-Xylene低、高質量數對波峰面積之關係….……………………..….. 90
表4-6 甲醛質量數與波峰面積值之關係….……………………..……..…….. 90
表4-7 各化合物之準確度、精密度及方法偵測下限……………………..….. 91
表4-8 環控箱內各化合物之背景濃度值….……………………..……..…….. 91
表4-9 本研究設定與ASTM D5116-97之比較…………………..……..…….. 92
表4-10 木心板TVOCs逸散濃度量測結果….……………………..…….….. 93
表4-11 木心板甲醛逸散濃度量測結果….……………………..……….…….. 93
表4-12 木地板TVOCs逸散濃度量測結果……………………..……….……. 94
表4-13 木地板甲醛逸散濃度量測結果….……………………..……….…….. 94
表4-14 水泥漆TVOCs逸散濃度量測結果……………………..……….……. 95
表4-15 調和漆Benzene逸散濃度量測結果……………………..…………… 96
表4-16 調和漆TVOCs逸散濃度量測結果……………………..………...….. 97
表4-17 模擬室內環境TVOCs逸散濃度結果(0.1 ACH)………..………...….. 98
表4-18 模擬室內環境TVOCs逸散濃度結果(0. 5 ACH)……..………...….. 99
表4-19 模擬室內環境TVOCs逸散濃度結果(1 ACH)………..………...….. 100
表4-20 模擬室內環境Benzene逸散濃度結果(0.1 ACH)………..………...… 101
表4-21 模擬室內環境Benzene逸散濃度結果(0.5 ACH)………..………...… 102表4-22 模擬室內環境Benzene逸散濃度結果(1 ACH)………..………...…. 103
表4-23 模擬室內環境中甲醛逸散濃度結果(0.1 ACH)………..………...…….104
表4-24 模擬室內環境中甲醛逸散濃度結果(0.5 ACH)………..………...…….104
表4-25 模擬室內環境中甲醛逸散濃度結果(1 ACH)………..………...……....105
表4-26 模擬室內空間中TVOCs逸散濃度變化情形(水泥漆) .………...…….106
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