出自马克思在1859年出版的《政治经济学批判（A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy）》序言：

In the social production of their existence, men inevitably enter into definite relations, which are independent of their will, namely [the] relations of production appropriate to a given stage in the development of their material forces of production. The totality of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure, and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness . The mode of production of material life conditions the general process of social, political, and intellectual life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness. At a certain stage of development, the material productive forces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production or—this merely expresses the same thing in legal terms—with the property relations within the framework of which they have operated hitherto. From forms of development of the productive forces, these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an era of social revolution. The changes in the economic foundation lead, sooner or later, to the transformation of the whole, immense, superstructure. In studying such transformations, it is always necessary to distinguish between the material transformation of the economic conditions of production, which can be determined with the precision of natural science, and the legal, political, religious, artistic, or philosophic—in short, ideological forms in which men become conscious of this conflict and fight it out. Just as one does not judge an individual by what he thinks about himself, so one cannot judge such a period of transformation by its consciousness, but, on the contrary, this consciousness must be explained from the contradictions of material life, from the conflict existing between the social forces of production and the relations of production.

人们在自己生活的社会生产中发生一定的、必然的、不以他们的意志为转移的关系，即同他们的物质生产力的一定发展阶段相适合的生产关系。这些生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构，即有法律的和政治的上层建筑竖立其上并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，相反，是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。社会的物质生产力发展到一定阶段，便同它们一直在其中运动的现存生产关系或财产关系（这只是生产关系的法律用语）发生矛盾。于是这些关系便由生产力的发展形式变成生产力的桎梏。那时社会革命的时代就到来了。 经济基础的变化，迟早会导致整个巨大的上层建筑的转变。 在考察这些转变时，必须时刻把下面两者区别开来：一种是生产的经济条件方面所发生的物质的、可以用自然科学的精确性指明的变革，一种是人们借以意识到这个冲突并力求把它克服的那些法律的、政治的、宗教的、艺术的或哲学的，简言之，意识形态的形式。我们判断一个人不能以他对自己的看法为根据，同样，我们判断这样一个变革时代也不能以它的意识为根据；相反，这个意识必须从物质生活的矛盾中，从社会生产力和生产关系之间的现存冲突中去解释。

参考资料：

1、维基百科 https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B ase_and_superstructure
2、《政治经济学批判》序言 https://www. marxists.org/chinese/ma rx/06.htm