李靖涵, 武芳, 翟仁健, 巩现勇. 居民地增量更新中拓扑冲突自动检测方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版), 2017, 42(3): 408-413. doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20140562 引用本文: 李靖涵, 武芳, 翟仁健, 巩现勇. 居民地增量更新中拓扑冲突自动检测方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版), 2017, 42(3): 408-413. doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20140562 LI Jinghan, WU Fang, ZHAI Renjian, GONG Xianyong. Research on the Method of Detecting Topological Conflicts in the Process of Settlement Incremental Updating[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017, 42(3): 408-413. doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20140562 Citation: LI Jinghan, WU Fang, ZHAI Renjian, GONG Xianyong. Research on the Method of Detecting Topological Conflicts in the Process of Settlement Incremental Updating[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University , 2017, 42(3): 408-413. doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20140562 增量更新 /  质量检查 /  拓扑关系 /  空间冲突 / Abstract: Many methods of automatically detecting the spatial conflicts in spatial datasets have been proposed in recent years, but these methods can't work well in detecting the spatial conflicts of incremental updating, therefore, a method to detect the topological conflicts in the settlement incremental updating is studied. Firstly, the character of topological conflicts in the process of settlement incremental updating is analyzed, showing that the conflicts was produced in the neighborhood of updated object; secondly, the grid index relation in the detecting area is built, and the grid set that the updated settlement occupied is expressed as the neighborhood area of the updated settlement; thirdly, searching the features that are located in the grid set which expresses the neighborhood of the updated settlement, and put these features as the candidate set to detect the conflicts; finally, the topological relation between the updated settlement and the feature in the related candidate set is calculated, and by matching the calculating result with the conflict rules to judge the topological conflict. Test illustrates that the method confining the detecting region in the neighborhood of updated object can effectively detect the topological conflicts in the process of settlement incremental updating, and it is also efficient in practical application. Key words: incremental updating /  quality checking /  topological relation /  spatial conflict /  settlement  道路道路进入面状居民地{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _cross , -), Road, 道路穿越居民地} 水系线状水系与面状居民地边界重合{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _touch , 1), River, 道路与居民地边界重合} 水系线状水系穿越面状居民地{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _cross , -), River, 线状河流穿越居民地} 水系点房、线房落水{(Scale, Theme), Building, ( T ⁹ _coveredby , -), Waterarea, 点房、线房入水} 水系居民地中有面状水域{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _contain , -), Waterarea, 居民地内部有面状水域} 居民地面状居民地之间压盖{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _overlap , -), Settlement, 面状居民地之间相交} 居民地面状居民地内部有点房、线房{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _contain , -), Building, 点房、线房落入面状居民地} 境界线境界线穿越居民地{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _cross , -), Boundary, 境界线穿越居民地} 数据量/MB1.091.291.551.701.821.972.052.17 本文/s1.802.012.302.492.602.792.893.07 全局/s116136166179192209219232 蒋捷, 陈军.基础地理信息数据更新的若干思考[J].测绘通报, 2000(5):1-3 http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CHTB200005000.htm

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Research on the Method of Detecting Topological Conflicts in the Process of Settlement Incremental Updating

LI Jinghan

WU Fang

ZHAI Renjian

GONG Xianyong

Institute of Geographical Spatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450052, China

引用本文: 李靖涵, 武芳, 翟仁健, 巩现勇. 居民地增量更新中拓扑冲突自动检测方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报 ( 信息科学版), 2017, 42(3): 408-413. doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20140562 LI Jinghan, WU Fang, ZHAI Renjian, GONG Xianyong. Research on the Method of Detecting Topological Conflicts in the Process of Settlement Incremental Updating[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017, 42(3): 408-413. doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20140562 Citation: LI Jinghan, WU Fang, ZHAI Renjian, GONG Xianyong. Research on the Method of Detecting Topological Conflicts in the Process of Settlement Incremental Updating[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University , 2017, 42(3): 408-413. doi: 10.13203/j.whugis20140562 空间冲突包括空间数据的几何结构冲突、拓扑冲突、方向冲突和距离冲突。文献[ 4 - 6 ]分别以四交或九交模型为拓扑关系计算和表达的基础，通过定义空间目标间的拓扑关系一致性规则进行拓扑错误检测。Gadish通过数理统计的方法，发现空间目标间拓扑规则，提出了基于规则发现的空间冲突检测方法 ^{[ 7 ]} 。陈军等在进行全国1:5万数据库更新时，从应用的角度对水系更新中河流与等高线、河流与道路网等空间目标间的不合理空间关系进行了自动检测方法的研究，在应用中取得了很好的效果 ^{[ 8 - 10 ]} 。杨敏从匹配的角度对水网与等高线间的冲突进行了检测 ^{[ 11 ]} 。何津、费立凡等对居民地与道路的图形冲突进行了深入的研究 ^{[ 12 , 13 ]} 。

文献[ 14 ]利用Delaunay三角网技术判断更新目标的邻近目标，这种对更新目标邻近对象探测和表达的方法存在着三点不足：①需要对整个检测区域构建Delaunay三角网，然后逐个判断与更新目标相邻近的空间目标，时间代价非常高；②存在一些“伪邻近”目标，如 图 1 所示，空间目标 D 为更新的居民地目标， A、B、C、E、F 为未更新的目标，利用Delaunay技术可得到更新目标 D 的邻近对象为 A、B、C、E 共4个目标，但是由 图 1 可知，目标 E 与更新目标 D 相离较远，不存在冲突的可能性，本文称 E 这样非真正意义上的邻近目标为“伪邻近”目标。“伪邻近”目标的存在必定大大增加拓扑计算量，影响冲突检测效率；③ Delaunay三角网技术适合表达离散目标的邻近关系，在表达有相交关系的空间目标间的邻近关系时比较困难。

现有的拓扑表达模型除了经典的4交、9交、Voronoi图模型外，近年来又提出了许多细化表达模型，这些表达模型区分度越来越高，但计算越来越复杂。4交模型区分的类型较少，Voronoi图模型和细化表达模型计算都比较复杂，9交模型无法将发生在居民地边界的冲突区分开来，线状河流与居民地之间的拓扑关系如 图 3 所示，而且这两种拓扑关系的9交表达是相同的。但是 图 3(a) 表示的拓扑关系为禁止的关系； 图 3(b) 表示的拓扑关系是一种允许的拓扑关系，这时就出现了无法正确区分冲突的状况。另外，类似的状况在面状目标与面状居民地之间也有出现，为了克服这类缺陷，本文建立了扩展9交模型作为拓扑关系表达计算的模型，扩展的9交模型如下：

道路道路进入面状居民地{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _cross , -), Road, 道路穿越居民地} 水系线状水系与面状居民地边界重合{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _touch , 1), River, 道路与居民地边界重合} 水系线状水系穿越面状居民地{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _cross , -), River, 线状河流穿越居民地} 水系点房、线房落水{(Scale, Theme), Building, ( T ⁹ _coveredby , -), Waterarea, 点房、线房入水} 水系居民地中有面状水域{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _contain , -), Waterarea, 居民地内部有面状水域} 居民地面状居民地之间压盖{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _overlap , -), Settlement, 面状居民地之间相交} 居民地面状居民地内部有点房、线房{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _contain , -), Building, 点房、线房落入面状居民地} 境界线境界线穿越居民地{(Scale, Theme), Settlement, ( T ⁹ _cross , -), Boundary, 境界线穿越居民地} 数据量/MB1.091.291.551.701.821.972.052.17 本文/s1.802.012.302.492.602.792.893.07 全局/s116136166179192209219232